Basilica of San Francesco
The Basilica of San Francesco is a prominent church located in Assisi, Italy, dedicated to Saint Francis of Assisi, who founded the Franciscan Order. This basilica is not only a major religious site but also a significant piece of Gothic architecture in Italy.
History
The construction of the basilica began shortly after the canonization of Saint Francis in 1228 by Pope Gregory IX. The basilica was completed in two phases:
- Lower Basilica: Built between 1228 and 1230, this section was designed to house the tomb of Saint Francis. It features a more intimate, Romanesque style with frescoes by notable artists of the time.
- Upper Basilica: Construction began around 1230 and was largely completed by 1253. It showcases a distinct Gothic style, with its pointed arches and ribbed vaults, making it one of the earliest expressions of Gothic architecture in Italy.
Art and Architecture
The basilica is renowned for its art:
- Frescoes: The basilica houses some of the most important fresco cycles in Italy, painted by masters like Giotto, Cimabue, and the Simone Martini. The Upper Basilica features scenes from the life of Saint Francis by Giotto, which are considered pivotal in the development of Western art.
- Stained Glass: The basilica boasts an impressive collection of stained glass windows, some of which date back to the 13th century, depicting various saints, apostles, and scenes from the Bible.
- Tomb of Saint Francis: The crypt beneath the Lower Basilica contains the tomb of Saint Francis, which was opened for public veneration in 1818.
Significance
The Basilica of San Francesco holds multiple UNESCO World Heritage Site designations:
- It was declared part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Assisi in 2000, due to its cultural and historical significance.
- The basilica is also a key pilgrimage site for Christians, especially followers of the Franciscan Order.
Recent Events
In 1997, two earthquakes struck Assisi, causing significant damage to the basilica, including the collapse of part of the vault in the Upper Basilica. Restoration work was completed in 1999, preserving this invaluable monument for future generations.
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