Avignon
Avignon is a city located in southeastern France, in the region of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur. Known for its rich history, culture, and as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, Avignon has played a significant role in European history, particularly during the period of the Avignon Papacy.
History
- Roman Period: Originally, Avignon was a Roman settlement called 'Avenio'. It was an important city in the Roman province of Gallia Narbonensis.
- Middle Ages:
- Avignon Papacy (1309-1377): During this time, seven successive popes resided in Avignon rather than in Rome. This period is also known as the Babylonian Captivity of the Papacy. The Palais des Papes, one of the largest and most important medieval Gothic buildings in Europe, was constructed during this time.
- The city was later governed by the Papal States until 1791 when it became part of revolutionary France.
- Modern Era: Avignon became part of France definitively in 1791 following the French Revolution. It has since developed into a cultural hub, particularly famous for its theatre festival.
Cultural Significance
- Avignon Festival: Held annually in July, the Avignon Festival is one of the most important contemporary performing arts festivals in the world, attracting artists and audiences from around the globe.
- Architecture: The city is home to numerous historical sites, including:
- Palais des Papes - A monumental Gothic palace, the largest of its kind in Europe.
- Avignon Bridge (Pont Saint-Bénézet) - Known from the famous song "Sur le Pont d'Avignon," only part of the original bridge remains.
- The Ramparts of Avignon - The city's ancient walls, which are a part of its UNESCO recognition.
Geography
Avignon is situated on the left bank of the Rhône River, with its ancient city walls still largely intact, giving it a distinctive medieval atmosphere. The climate is Mediterranean, with hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters.
Economy
The economy of Avignon is diverse, with tourism playing a major role due to its historical landmarks and cultural events. Agriculture, particularly viticulture, also contributes significantly, with the surrounding area known for its wine production.
Transport
Avignon is well-connected by rail, with the TGV (high-speed train) linking it directly to Paris, Lyon, and Marseille. The city also has an airport, Avignon Caumont Airport, facilitating international access.
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