Althing
The Althing (Icelandic: Alþingi) is the national parliament of Iceland, and it is one of the oldest surviving parliamentary institutions in the world. Here are key details:
History
- Foundation: The Althing was established in 930 AD at Þingvellir (Thingvellir), a site of significant geological and historical importance in Iceland. This assembly was initially an annual gathering of the most powerful leaders in the country to discuss laws, settle disputes, and pass legislation.
- Early Function: Initially, the Althing served as a legislative and judicial assembly where laws were made, disputes were settled, and news was disseminated. It was also a place for the election of the Lögsögumaður, who was responsible for reciting the law and ensuring its correct application.
- Changes Over Time:
- In the 13th century, Iceland came under Norwegian rule, and the Althing lost much of its legislative power.
- After Iceland became part of the Kingdom of Denmark, the Althing was abolished in 1800 but was re-established in 1845 with limited powers as an advisory body to the Danish monarch.
- Full parliamentary powers were restored in 1903, and the modern Althing as we know it today was established with the creation of the Icelandic Republic in 1944.
Structure
- Chambers: The Althing has one chamber, unlike many other parliaments which have a bicameral system. This unicameral structure reflects Iceland's relatively small population and the desire for a simple, direct legislative process.
- Members: There are 63 members of the Althing, elected for a term of four years. The system uses a form of proportional representation.
- Speaker: The President of the Althing presides over the sessions and ensures parliamentary procedures are followed.
Current Role
- Legislation: The Althing debates and passes laws, oversees the executive branch, and represents the Icelandic people.
- Constitution: It has the power to amend the Constitution of Iceland, which requires a referendum for certain changes.
- European Union: The Althing has been involved in discussions regarding Iceland's potential membership in the European Union, although no formal application has been made since the 2013 withdrawal.
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