The Algerian War of Independence, also known as the Algerian Revolution, was a significant conflict that took place from 1954 to 1962 between France and Algerian independence movements. This war was pivotal in ending over 130 years of French colonial rule over Algeria.
Algeria became part of France following the French Conquest of Algeria in 1830. Over time, Algeria was divided into three departments with a significant number of French settlers, known as Pieds-Noirs, who enjoyed the same rights as French citizens. However, the indigenous Algerian population faced systemic discrimination and were not granted the same rights, fueling resentment and calls for independence.
The war began on November 1, 1954, when the National Liberation Front (FLN) launched attacks against French military installations, police posts, and communication facilities. This date is now celebrated as Revolution Day in Algeria. The FLN's strategy was to wage a guerrilla war to drain French resources and willpower.
The war officially ended with the signing of the Évian Accords, followed by a referendum in July 1962 where Algerians overwhelmingly voted for independence. Algeria officially became independent on July 5, 1962. The war resulted in a massive exodus of the European population, with many Pieds-Noirs and Harkis (Algerian Muslims who fought on the French side) fleeing or being forcibly relocated to France.