Alexandria
Alexandria is a city located in Egypt, specifically along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea. It serves as the second largest city in the country, following Cairo, and is the capital of the Alexandria Governorate.
History
Founded by Alexander the Great in 331 BC, Alexandria was designed to be a center of Hellenistic culture. After Alexander's death, the city came under the rule of his successor, Ptolemy I Soter, who made it the capital of the Ptolemaic Kingdom. Alexandria quickly rose to prominence as one of the most important cities in the ancient world:
- The Lighthouse of Alexandria: Known as one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, the Pharos of Alexandria was a towering structure built to guide ships into the harbor.
- The Library of Alexandria: This was the largest library in the ancient world, containing hundreds of thousands of scrolls and serving as a major center of learning. It was part of the Museion, which was dedicated to the Muses, the goddesses of the arts.
During the Roman Empire, Alexandria was the center of Greek culture and Hellenistic science. Notable scholars like Euclid and Archimedes spent time in the city, contributing to its reputation as an intellectual hub.
Modern Alexandria
Today, Alexandria remains a significant cultural and economic hub in Egypt:
- It has a population of approximately 5 million, with a diverse demographic including Egyptian Arabs, Coptic Christians, and a small number of Greek-Egyptians.
- The city's economy is driven by tourism, trade, and manufacturing. Its port is one of the busiest in the region.
- The Corniche is a popular waterfront promenade, offering scenic views and a mix of modern and historical architecture.
- Al-Qaitbay Fortress, built in the 15th century, stands where the Pharos lighthouse once did, symbolizing the city's historical continuity.
Cultural Significance
Alexandria has been a melting pot of cultures, influencing and being influenced by various civilizations:
Sources
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