Adriatic Sea

The Adriatic Sea is a part of the Mediterranean Sea, separating the Italian Peninsula from the Balkan Peninsula. Here are some key details:

Geography

The Adriatic stretches from the Gulf of Taranto in the south to the Pula area in the north.
It spans approximately 800 km in length, with an average width of 160 km.
The sea covers an area of about 138,600 km².
The deepest point is at the Otranto Channel where it reaches 1,233 meters.
It is bordered by Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, and Albania.

The Adriatic has been a significant trade route since ancient times, linking the Roman Empire to its eastern territories.
Various civilizations like the Greeks, Illyrians, and Venetians have influenced its coastal cities.
During the Middle Ages, it was a battleground for control between the Byzantine Empire and the Holy Roman Empire.
The Republic of Venice dominated the Adriatic from the 9th to the 18th century, with its navy ensuring control over the sea routes.

The Adriatic supports a vibrant maritime economy with fishing, tourism, and transportation being key sectors.
Major ports like Trieste, Venice, Ancona, and Rijeka facilitate trade.
The sea is also a critical route for oil and gas transport from the Middle East and Caspian Sea regions.

The Adriatic Sea is known for its biodiversity, including a wide range of marine species like the Adriatic Sturgeon.
There are numerous marine protected areas, like the Miramare Marine Reserve, aimed at preserving its ecosystem.
Environmental concerns include pollution from shipping, urban run-off, and tourism-related activities.

The Adriatic has shaped the culture of its surrounding regions, influencing everything from cuisine to language.
Historic cities like Dubrovnik, Split, and Zadar are UNESCO World Heritage Sites due to their historical and cultural value.

Sources:

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